====== Linux.Astra ====== Информация по astra 1.7 https://wiki.astralinux.ru/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=137563438 \\ https://wiki.astralinux.ru/fstec/security_measures - реализация мер защиты \\ astra-safepolicy - [[https://wiki.astralinux.ru/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=109020865#id-%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8astrasafepolicy-astra-modeswitchastra-modeswitch|управление безопасностью]] \\ sudo astra-safepolicy 3 # 0 Базовый / 1 Усиленный/ 2 Максимальный - детали смотри выше sudo pdpl-user -i 63 username #- повышение уровня целостности https://dl.astralinux.ru/astra/ astra common edition \\ ===== Astra doc ===== * Возможности реализации мер защиты - https://wiki.astralinux.ru/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=181666113 * Установка обновлений с возможностью отката LVM - https://wiki.astralinux.ru/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=67112510 * актуальная документация ищем "Astra Linux Special Edition Эксплуатационная и дополнительная документация" ===== Astra hint ===== * определить сборку и версию ''/etc/astra/build_version''- https://wiki.astralinux.ru/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=137563146 * структуру репозиториев основной, базовый, расширенный (только для CE) - https://wiki.astralinux.ru/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=149062354 * инструменты командной строки - https://wiki.astralinux.ru/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=109020865 ===== Astra теминология ===== * СН - ... назначение * МКЦ - ман кон цел * МРД - ман управ дос * ПК СВ - прог комплекс системы виртуализации * faq - Уровень конф, категории конф и целостность: что есть что, и как с этим работать? - https://wiki.astralinux.ru/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=27362553 * faq - метки безопасности - https://wiki.astralinux.ru/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=48763550 ===== Linux.hint ===== * screen tmux killed after logout '' systemd-run --scope --user sreen'' /etc/systemd/logind.conf: #Можно KillUserProcesses=no KillExcludeUsers=root #restart systemd-logind $ sudo systemctl restart systemd-logind $loginctl enable-linger YOU_USER_NAME #for start recommendation $ systemd-run --scope --user screen -AmdS server * Бесплатная Астра доступна http://dl.astralinux.ru/astra/stable/orel/iso/ ===== Astra EMERGENCY network===== # ethernet configure - networkmanager and networking nmcli con add type vlan con-name eth3.201 id 201 dev eth3 vlan.parent eth3 ipv4.method auto cat << EOF > /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp EOF # mount CIFS and prepare for install packages mount.cifs //10.59.20.200/test /mnt -o username=eam sudo cp -r /tmp/apt /etc/ sudo apt update sudo apt install openssh-server cifs-utils /etc/pam.d/sshd - отключаем parsec sudo passwd astra-live # for example astra-live sudo systemctl start ssh export http_proxy=http://proxy.gorod.ru:3128/ export https_proxy=http://proxy.gorod.ru:3128/ curl https://getmic.ro | bash && sudo mv ./micro /usr/bin mkdir -p ~/.config/micro/ echo '{ "clipboard": "terminal" }' > ~/.config/micro/settings.json ===== Astra partition===== # https://internet-lab.ru/mdadm_useful - mdadm usefull # example restore DD with pigz sudo dd if=/dev/sda1 bs=4M | pigz -c | dd of=/path/to/image.gz bs=4M pigz -dc sdc1_prog.gz | dd of=/dev/md0p1 bs=4M status=progress # create RAID sudo mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=1 /dev/sdd3 --force # create LVM pvcreate /dev/md0 vgcreate vg0 /dev/md0 lvcreate -n root -L 50G vg0 mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-root # RSYNC sudo rsync -ax /mnt/1/ /mnt/2/ # CHROOT mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/ mount /dev/md0p1 /mnt/2/boot/efi for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /sys/firmware/efi/efivars /run; do sudo mount --bind $i /mnt$i; done chroot /mnt modify fstab on UUID with lsblk -fs / blkid !comment /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume ==== Monitoring program RAID ==== # !!! mismatch_cnt https://web.archive.org/web/20201214182307/https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Mdadm_checkarray_function # recovery resync https://web.archive.org/web/20160801015011/https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Mdadm_recovery_and_resync # recovery degraded https://web.archive.org/web/20150102095244/http://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Mdadm_recover_degraded_Array # Mdadm checkarray function # https://github.com/glensc/nagios-plugin-check_raid ++++ check_linux_raid_mismatch.sh| #!/bin/bash #template from http://www.juliux.de/nagios-plugin-vorlage-bash # !!! mismatch_cnt https://web.archive.org/web/20201214182307/https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Mdadm_checkarray_function # recovery resync https://web.archive.org/web/20160801015011/https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Mdadm_recovery_and_resync # recovery degraded https://web.archive.org/web/20150102095244/http://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Mdadm_recover_degraded_Array # Mdadm checkarray function # https://github.com/glensc/nagios-plugin-check_raid WARN_LIMIT=$1 CRIT_LIMIT=$2 if [ -z $WARN_LIMIT ] || [ -z $CRIT_LIMIT ];then echo "Usage: check_linux_raid_mismatch WARNLIMIT CRITLIMIT" exit 3; else DATA=-1 for file in /sys/block/md*/md/mismatch_cnt do DATA2=`cat $file` DATA=$((DATA + DATA2)) MD_NAME=`echo $file | awk 'BEGIN { FS = "/" } ; { print $4 }'` PERF_DATA+="$MD_NAME=`cat $file` " done if [ $DATA -eq -1 ]; then echo "UNKNOWN - software raid mismatch_cnts not found | $PERF_DATA" exit 3; fi if [ $DATA -lt $WARN_LIMIT ]; then echo "OK - all software raid mismatch_cnts are smaller than $WARN_LIMIT / upd:'$(date +%d.%m.%Y\ %H:%M:%S) | $PERF_DATA" exit 0; fi if [ $DATA -ge $WARN_LIMIT ] && [ $DATA -lt $CRIT_LIMIT ]; then echo "WARNING - software raid mismatch_cnts are greater or equal than $WARN_LIMIT / upd:'$(date +%d.%m.%Y\ %H:%M:%S) | $PERF_DATA" exit 1; fi if [ $DATA -ge $CRIT_LIMIT ]; then echo "CRITICAL - software raid mismatch_cnts are greater or equal than $CRIT_LIMIT / upd:'$(date +%d.%m.%Y\ %H:%M:%S) | $PERF_DATA" exit 2; fi if [ $DATA -eq -1 ]; then echo "UNKNOWN - software raid mismatch_cnts not found | $PERF_DATA" exit 3; fi fi ++++ ===== Astra grub boot ===== # GRUB загрузка # https://wiki.debian.org/GrubEFIReinstall https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/GRUB # check UEFI or Bios [ -d /sys/firmware/efi ] && echo "UEFI boot" || echo "Legacy boot" sudo apt install grub-pc sudo update-initramfs -u sudo grub-install --recheck /dev/sda sudo update-grub # управление mdadm raid https://www.dmosk.ru/miniinstruktions.php?mini=mdadm#create-raid sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=1M count=1 sudo partprobe /dev/sdc # MDADM grow active raid sudo mdadm --manage /dev/md124 --add /dev/sdc sudo mdadm -G /dev/md124 --raid-devices=2 # информация по raid sudo mdadm -D /dev/md124 # LVM snapshots https://www.tecmint.com/take-snapshot-of-logical-volume-and-restore-in-lvm/ lvcreate --size 1G --snapshot --name main_snap /dev/vg0/lv_name # если нужно оставить активныфй раздел без изменений lvremove /dev/vg0/main_snap # если нужно откатить изменения merge umount /data lvconvert --merge /dev/vg0/main_snap