virtualisation

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virtualisation [2023/10/14 11:00] – [KVM] adminvirtualisation [2024/09/23 20:05] (current) – [Qemu - checkpoints] admin
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-====== Virtualisation ======+====== Virtualization ====== 
 + VMware OS Optimization Tool. -  
 +===== pre installed virtualbox images ===== 
 +https://www.sysprobs.com/download-pre-installed-virtualbox-images-linux-windows#Windows-VMs \\
 ===== KVM ===== ===== KVM =====
   * https://kb.novaordis.com/index.php/Linux_Virtualization_Concepts https://kb.novaordis.com/index.php/KVM_Virtual_Machine_XML_Defintion https://kb.novaordis.com/index.php/KVM_Virtual_Networking_Concepts   * https://kb.novaordis.com/index.php/Linux_Virtualization_Concepts https://kb.novaordis.com/index.php/KVM_Virtual_Machine_XML_Defintion https://kb.novaordis.com/index.php/KVM_Virtual_Networking_Concepts
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   * https://recoverhdd.com/blog/how-to-repair-boot-record-mbr-windows-guide.html#ch1 - fix boot   * https://recoverhdd.com/blog/how-to-repair-boot-record-mbr-windows-guide.html#ch1 - fix boot
   * centos 8 virtualization https://computingpost.medium.com/how-to-install-and-use-kvm-on-centos-stream-8-2816ca196ff6   * centos 8 virtualization https://computingpost.medium.com/how-to-install-and-use-kvm-on-centos-stream-8-2816ca196ff6
 +  * centos 7 configure with network manager https://www.server-world.info/en/note?os=CentOS_7&p=kvm
 +
 +===== Qemu =====
 +  * start qemu without libvirt, raw start <https://habr.com/ru/articles/728952/>
  
 ==== Virsh ==== ==== Virsh ====
   * virsh cheatcode https://computingforgeeks.com/virsh-commands-cheatsheet/   * virsh cheatcode https://computingforgeeks.com/virsh-commands-cheatsheet/
  
 +==== Backup Snapshots ====
 +  * commands and logic https://sysguides.com/create-and-manage-internal-snapshots-in-kvm
 +  * old scripts https://b14esh.com/virtualization/kvm/backup-vm-qemu-kvm-libvirt.html 
 +
 +==== Nested virtualization - hyper-v ====
 +
 +  * https://www.redpill-linpro.com/techblog/2021/04/07/nested-virtualization-hyper-v-in-qemu-kvm.html
 +
 +
 +==== Qemu - checkpoints  ====
 +Testing system updates using libvirts checkpoint feature - https://abbbi.github.io/changes/ \\
 +virtndbackup error - https://github.com/abbbi/virtnbdbackup/discussions/119 \\
 +working with bitmaps qmp https://kashyapc.fedorapeople.org/QEMU-Docs/_build/html/docs/interop/bitmaps.html#id1 \\
 +<code BASH>
 +# bitmap
 +qemu-img bitmap  --remove  ./local_copy_1_154.hdd.qcow2 virtnbdbackup.1
 +
 +#snapshot
 +qemu-img snapshot -l $DISK_IMAGE.qcow2 # List Snapshots
 +#Snapshots also appear in the output of the qemu-img info command.
 +
 +qemu-img snapshot -c $SNAPSHOT_NAME $DISK_IMAGE #Create Snapshot
 +qemu-img snapshot -a $SNAPSHOT_NAME $DISK_IMAGE #Restore (Apply) Snapshot
 +
 +qemu-img snapshot -d  $SNAPSHOT_NAME  $DISK_IMAGE #Delete Snapshot
 +
 +</code>
 +++++ Checkpoints increment backup|
 +<code BASH>
 +# Libvirt - checkpoints - dirtybitmap
 + article for incremental backup - https://abbbi.github.io/changes/
 +
 +
 +## Commands
 +virsh checkpoint-create
 +virsh qemu-monitor-command one-31 --pretty  '{"execute": "query-block", "arguments": {}}'
 +qemu-img info --output json --force-share /var/lib/one/datastores/0/31/disk.0
 +
 +## Manual
 +1.https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/interop/bitmaps.html#bitmap-status
 +1.https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/interop/dbus-vmstate.html
 +
 +## Interesting manual with commands 
 +1.https://github.com/OpenNebula/one/issues/6206 - in first message examples of commands 
 +1.
 +
 +
 +
 +<details>
 +  <summary>Example of create chekpoints and use it</summary>
 +12:23:12.061 [CMD]: virsh --connect qemu:///system checkpoint-list --name 0f297c4b-001f-434d-9123-739342da23fb
 +12:23:12.079 [CMD]: DONE
 +12:23:12.080 [CMD]: virsh --connect qemu:///system domfsfreeze 0f297c4b-001f-434d-9123-739342da23fb
 +12:23:12.149 [CMD]: DONE
 +12:23:12.152 [CMD]: qemu-img create -f qcow2 /var/lib/one//datastores/0/36/tmp/scracth.0.qcow2 256M
 +12:23:12.211 [CMD]: DONE
 +12:23:12.211 [CMD]: virsh --connect qemu:///system backup-begin --reuse-external --backupxml /var/lib/one//datastores/0/36/tmp/backup.xml --checkpointxml /var/lib/one//datastores/0/36/tmp/checkpoint.xml 0f297c4b-001f-434d-9123-739342da23fb
 +12:23:12.641 [CMD]: DONE
 +12:23:12.641 [CMD]: virsh --connect qemu:///system domfsthaw 0f297c4b-001f-434d-9123-739342da23fb
 +12:23:12.716 [CMD]: DONE
 +12:23:12.719 [CMD]: nbdinfo --json --map=qemu:dirty-bitmap:backup-vda nbd+unix:///vda?socket=/var/lib/one//datastores/0/36/backup.socket
 +12:23:12.726 [CMD]: DONE
 +12:23:12.726 [CMD]: qemu-img create -f qcow2 -F raw -b nbd+unix:///vda?socket=/var/lib/one//datastores/0/36/backup.socket /var/lib/one//datastores/0/36/backup/disk.0.2
 +12:23:12.794 [CMD]: DONE
 +12:23:12.794 [CMD]: qemu-io
 +12:23:13.034 [CMD]: DONE
 +12:23:13.034 [BCK]: Incremental backup done in 0.955029454s
 +12:23:13.034 [CMD]: virsh --connect qemu:///system domjobabort 0f297c4b-001f-434d-9123-739342da23fb
 +12:23:13.054 [CMD]: DONE
 +12:23:13.055 [CMD]: virsh --connect qemu:///system checkpoint-list --name 0f297c4b-001f-434d-9123-739342da23fb
 +12:23:13.072 [CMD]: DONE
 +12:23:13.072 [CMD]: qemu-img info --output json --force-share /var/lib/datastores/local_mount/0/36/disk.0.snap/0
 +12:23:13.077 [CMD]: DONE
 +12:23:13.078 [CMD]: virsh --connect qemu:///system checkpoint-delete 0f297c4b-001f-434d-9123-739342da23fb one-36-0
 +12:23:13.399 [CMD]: DONE
 +</details>
 +````
 +</code>
 +++++
 +
 +++++ Whole libvirt hierarchy of path|
 +<code BASH>
 +# https://www.reddit.com/r/linuxquestions/comments/16kx0oi/how_do_i_change_libvirtqemuvirtmanager_s_xml/
 +# path of libvirt 
 +
 +/etc/libvirt/ Holds QEMU/Libvirt configurations files are.
 +/etc/libvirt/hooks/ Holds your own scripts that would starts when a specific VM does.
 +/etc/libvirt/nwfilter/ Looks like Libvirt has its own networking/firewall rules.
 +/etc/libvirt/qemu/ Holds VMs' XMLs are stored.
 +/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/ Holds QEMU/Libvirt virtual networks' XMLs are.
 +/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/autostart/ A QEMU/Libvirt virtual network XML symlinked there will make said virtual network starts when QEMU/Libvirt does.
 +/etc/libvirt/secrets/ ???
 +/etc/libvirt/storage/ Holds QEMU/Libvirt datastores/pool configurations files are.
 +/etc/libvirt/storage/autostart/ A QEMU/Libvirt datastore/pool configuration file symlinked there will make said datastore/pool starts when QEMU/Libvirt does.
 +
 +/var/lib/libvirt/boot/ ???
 +/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/ Holds further QEMU/Libvirt virtual networks' configuration files.
 +/var/lib/libvirt/images/ Default QEMU/Libvirt virtual disks' datastore/pool.
 +/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/ ???
 +/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/ ???
 +/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/target/ ???
 +/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/checkpoint/ ???
 +/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/dump/ ???
 +/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/nvram/ Holds VMs' UEFI settings. Same goes for TPM and Secure Boot databases?
 +/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/ram/ ???
 +/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/ram/libvirt/ ???
 +/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/libvirt/qemu/ ???
 +/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/save/ Looks like it holds VMs' saved states.
 +/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/snapshot/ Looks like it's where VMs' snapshot are saved.
 +/var/lib/libvirt/sanlock/ ???
 +</code>
 +++++
  
 ==== Virsh from astra to redos ==== ==== Virsh from astra to redos ====
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